Massoud refers to Ahmad Shah Durrani, a prominent Afghan leader in the 18th century, who is often called the "father of modern Afghanistan." He founded the Durrani Empire in 1747, uniting various tribes and establishing a centralized government. His leadership helped to shape Afghanistan's national identity. Another notable figure is Ahmad Shah Massoud, a key military commander during the Afghan civil war in the late 20th century. Known as the "Lion of Panjshir," he fought against the Soviet invasion and later the Taliban. Massoud is remembered for his resistance efforts and is considered a national hero in Afghanistan.