Ahmad Shah Durrani, also known as Ahmad Shah Abdali, was the founder of the modern state of Afghanistan in the mid-18th century. Born in 1722, he united various tribes and established his rule after the decline of the Mughal Empire. His leadership marked the beginning of the Durrani Empire, which played a significant role in the region's history. Durrani is best known for his military campaigns, including the notable victory at the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761. He ruled until his death in 1772, leaving a legacy that shaped Afghan identity and politics. His reign is often seen as a pivotal moment in the formation of Afghanistan as a nation.