The Manusmriti, also known as the Laws of Manu, is an ancient Indian text that serves as a foundational legal and ethical guide in Hinduism. Composed around 200 BCE to 200 CE, it outlines social norms, duties, and laws governing various aspects of life, including caste, family, and morality. The text is attributed to the sage Manu, who is considered the progenitor of humanity in Hindu tradition. The Manusmriti is divided into 12 chapters, covering topics such as dharma (righteousness), varna (social classes), and ashrama (stages of life). While it has historically influenced Hindu society, its interpretations and applications have been debated, especially regarding its views on gender and caste. Today, it is studied for its historical significance and insights into ancient Indian culture.