The Upanishads are ancient Indian texts that form the philosophical foundation of Hinduism. They explore profound questions about life, the nature of reality, and the relationship between the individual self, or Atman, and the ultimate reality, known as Brahman. These texts encourage deep meditation and self-inquiry, guiding seekers toward spiritual enlightenment. Written in Sanskrit, the Upanishads are part of the larger body of texts called the Vedas, which are sacred scriptures in Hindu tradition. They emphasize the importance of knowledge and wisdom, teaching that understanding one's true self leads to liberation from the cycle of birth and death, known as samsara.