Mahmud of Ghazni was a prominent ruler of the Ghaznavid Empire in the 11th century, known for his military conquests and cultural contributions. He reigned from 998 to 1030 and expanded his empire across parts of present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northern India. Mahmud is often remembered for his raids into India, where he sought wealth and resources, particularly from temples. In addition to his military achievements, Mahmud of Ghazni was a patron of the arts and learning. He established Ghazni as a center of culture and scholarship, attracting poets, scholars, and artists. His reign marked a significant period in the history of the region, influencing both Islamic and Indian cultures.