The term "Julio-Claudian" refers to the first dynasty of Roman emperors, which ruled from 27 BC to AD 68. This period is named after the two prominent families: the Julii, represented by Julius Caesar, and the Claudians, represented by Claudius. The dynasty includes notable emperors such as Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, and Nero. The Julio-Claudian era is marked by significant political and social changes in the Roman Empire. It began with the establishment of the imperial system under Augustus, who transformed Rome from a republic to an empire. This period also saw advancements in architecture, culture, and governance, despite instances of political intrigue and instability.