Ancient Rome was a powerful civilization that began as a small settlement in 753 BC and grew to dominate much of Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia. It is known for its impressive architecture, such as the Colosseum and Pantheon, as well as its advanced engineering, including aqueducts and roads. The Romans developed a complex society with a rich culture, including art, literature, and philosophy. The Roman Republic, established in 509 BC, allowed citizens to vote and elect leaders. Later, it transitioned into the Roman Empire, which reached its peak under emperors like Augustus and Trajan. Ancient Rome's influence can still be seen today in modern law, government, and language.