Iranian ecosystems are diverse, ranging from lush forests to arid deserts. The country is home to various habitats, including the Caspian Sea coast, Alborz and Zagros mountain ranges, and vast plateaus. These regions support a wide array of flora and fauna, adapted to different climatic conditions. The unique ecosystems of Iran include wetlands like the Urmia Lake and the Hoor al-Azim marshes, which are crucial for migratory birds. Additionally, the Dasht-e Kavir and Dasht-e Lut deserts showcase extreme environments, hosting specialized species that thrive in harsh conditions.