India faces several geopolitical challenges, primarily due to its complex relationships with neighboring countries. Tensions with Pakistan over the disputed region of Kashmir have persisted for decades, leading to military confrontations and diplomatic strains. Additionally, India's relationship with China is complicated by border disputes and competition for regional influence, particularly in South Asia and the Indian Ocean. Another challenge is managing its ties with global powers. As India seeks to strengthen its position on the world stage, it must navigate its relationships with the United States, Russia, and European Union, balancing economic interests and security concerns while addressing regional issues like terrorism and climate change.