Geologists are scientists who study the Earth, its materials, and the processes that shape it over time. They examine rocks, minerals, and fossils to understand the planet's history and structure. By analyzing these elements, geologists can provide insights into natural resources, such as oil, natural gas, and minerals, which are essential for various industries. In addition to studying the Earth's composition, geologists also assess natural hazards like earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides. Their work helps communities prepare for and respond to these events, ultimately contributing to public safety and environmental conservation.