French dynasties refer to the ruling families that governed France throughout its history. The most notable dynasties include the Merovingians, Carolingians, Capetians, and Bourbons. Each dynasty played a significant role in shaping the political landscape of France, influencing everything from governance to culture. The Capetian dynasty, for example, began in 987 AD and is known for establishing a more centralized monarchy. The Bourbon dynasty, which rose to prominence in the 16th century, included famous kings like Louis XIV, who is often referred to as the "Sun King." These dynasties contributed to France's rich historical legacy.