The First Anglo-Boer War (1880-1881) was a conflict between the British Empire and the Boer republics of the Transvaal and Orange Free State. The war arose from tensions over British control and governance in these regions, as the Boers sought to maintain their independence and resist British rule. The war began with a series of Boer victories, including the notable battles of Majuba Hill and Laing's Nek. Ultimately, the conflict ended with the signing of the Convention of Pretoria, which recognized the independence of the Transvaal and marked a significant moment in the history of British colonialism in southern Africa.