The term "South African Wars" generally refers to a series of conflicts in southern Africa during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, primarily involving the British Empire, Boers, and various indigenous groups. Key conflicts include the First Anglo-Boer War (1880-1881) and the Second Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902), which were fought over control of territory and resources. These wars were significant in shaping modern South Africa's political landscape. The Boers, descendants of Dutch settlers, sought independence from British rule, leading to prolonged military engagements. The outcomes of these wars contributed to the eventual establishment of the Union of South Africa in 1910.