The term "Boer Republics" refers to two independent states established by the Dutch-descended settlers, known as the Boers, in southern Africa during the 19th century. These republics were the South African Republic (also known as the Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. They emerged as a result of the Great Trek, where the Boers migrated away from British-controlled territories in search of autonomy. The Boer Republics were characterized by their agrarian economies and distinct cultural identities. They faced various challenges, including conflicts with indigenous populations and tensions with the British Empire, which ultimately led to the Second Boer War (1899-1902). The war resulted in the eventual annexation of these republics by Britain.