The Convention of Pretoria was an agreement signed on August 3, 1881, between the British Empire and the South African Republic (also known as the Transvaal). This treaty marked the end of the First Anglo-Boer War, which had erupted due to tensions between British colonial interests and the Boer settlers. The convention recognized the independence of the South African Republic while allowing British oversight in foreign affairs. The convention established a framework for governance in the region, including provisions for a local government and the rights of the Boer population. However, it also laid the groundwork for future conflicts, as tensions remained between the British and the Boers, ultimately leading to the Second Anglo-Boer War in 1899.