The Second Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902) was a conflict between the British Empire and two Boer republics in southern Africa: the South African Republic and the Orange Free State. The war arose from tensions over British imperialism and the rights of Afrikaner settlers, particularly regarding gold and diamond resources. The war featured conventional battles followed by guerrilla warfare, leading to significant casualties on both sides. The British ultimately emerged victorious, leading to the annexation of the Boer republics and the establishment of British control over the region, which set the stage for future tensions in South Africa.