Ferdinand VII of Spain was born on October 14, 1784, and became king in 1808. His reign was marked by political turmoil, including the Peninsular War, during which he was captured by French forces and replaced by Joseph Bonaparte. After the war, he returned to the throne in 1814, facing challenges from liberal movements and the desire for constitutional reforms. Ferdinand VII was known for his absolutist rule and resistance to liberal ideas. He abolished the Spanish Constitution of 1812 and reinstated strict censorship. His reign ended with his death on September 29, 1833, leading to a succession crisis and further conflict in Spain.