Isabella II of Spain was born on October 10, 1830, and became queen at the young age of three after her father, Ferdinand VII, died. Her reign lasted from 1833 to 1868, a period marked by political instability and civil wars, including the Carlist Wars, which were fought over succession rights. Isabella's rule faced significant challenges, including opposition from various factions and a series of revolts. In 1868, she was deposed in the Glorious Revolution and went into exile. She lived in France until her death on April 10, 1904, leaving a complex legacy in Spanish history.