Charles IV of Spain was born on November 11, 1748, and became king in 1788. He was the son of Charles III of Spain and was known for his weak leadership and reliance on his favorite minister, Manuel Godoy. His reign saw significant political and social unrest, including the influence of the French Revolution. In 1808, during the Peninsular War, Charles IV abdicated the throne in favor of his son, Ferdinand VII, under pressure from Napoleon Bonaparte. After his abdication, he lived in exile in France until his death on January 20, 1819. His reign is often viewed as a period of decline for the Spanish monarchy.