European history spans thousands of years, beginning with ancient civilizations like the Greeks and Romans. The fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century led to the Middle Ages, characterized by feudalism and the rise of powerful kingdoms. The Renaissance in the 14th century sparked a revival of art and learning, influencing culture across Europe. The 18th and 19th centuries saw significant changes, including the Industrial Revolution and the spread of democracy. Major events like the French Revolution and the two World Wars reshaped national boundaries and political systems. Today, Europe is known for its diverse cultures and the European Union, promoting cooperation among nations.