The Industrial Revolution was a period of significant economic and technological change that began in the late 18th century. It marked the transition from agrarian economies to industrialized ones, characterized by the rise of factories and mass production. Innovations such as the steam engine and the spinning jenny revolutionized manufacturing processes, leading to increased efficiency and productivity. This era also brought about profound social changes, including urbanization as people moved to cities for work. The Industrial Revolution laid the groundwork for the modern economy and has had lasting impacts on society, shaping the way we live and work today.