Etching processes are techniques used to create designs or patterns on surfaces, typically metals or glass. This is achieved by applying a chemical solution, known as an etchant, which removes material from the surface. The process often begins with a protective layer, such as a wax or photoresist, that shields areas not intended for etching. There are various types of etching, including chemical etching, photoetching, and laser etching. Each method has its own applications and advantages, making etching a versatile choice in industries like electronics, jewelry, and art. The final result can range from intricate designs to functional components.