Photolithography is a process used in the manufacturing of microelectronics and semiconductor devices. It involves transferring a pattern from a photomask onto a substrate, typically silicon. This is achieved by applying a light-sensitive material called photoresist to the substrate, exposing it to ultraviolet light through the photomask, and then developing the exposed areas to create a desired pattern. After the pattern is developed, the substrate undergoes various processes, such as etching or deposition, to create the final electronic components. Photolithography is essential for producing integrated circuits and is a key technology in the semiconductor industry.