Emperor Dom Pedro II was the second and last emperor of Brazil, ruling from 1831 to 1889. He ascended to the throne at just five years old after his father, Dom Pedro I, abdicated. Dom Pedro II was known for his intelligence, dedication to education, and efforts to modernize Brazil. During his reign, Brazil experienced significant economic growth and social progress, including the abolition of slavery in 1888. Despite his popularity, he was deposed in a military coup in 1889, leading to the establishment of the Brazilian Republic. Dom Pedro II spent his later years in exile in Europe.