The Brazilian Empire was a monarchy that existed from 1822 to 1889, following Brazil's independence from Portugal. It was established when Dom Pedro I declared Brazil's independence in 1822 and became its first emperor. The empire was characterized by a constitutional monarchy, with a focus on agricultural exports and the gradual abolition of slavery. The empire faced various challenges, including political instability and regional conflicts. In 1888, Brazil became the first country in the Americas to abolish slavery, which contributed to social tensions. Ultimately, the empire ended in 1889 when a military coup led to the establishment of the Brazilian Republic.