The Republic of Brazil is the largest country in South America, known for its diverse culture, rich history, and vast natural resources. It covers an area of about 8.5 million square kilometers and has a population of over 210 million people, making it the fifth most populous country in the world. The capital city is Brasília, while São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro are its largest cities. Brazil is famous for its stunning landscapes, including the Amazon Rainforest, the world's largest tropical rainforest, and the Pantanal, the largest tropical wetland. The country is also known for its vibrant festivals, such as Carnival, and its contributions to music, including genres like samba and bossa nova.