Dom Pedro II was the second and last Emperor of Brazil, reigning from 1831 to 1889. Born on April 2, 1825, he ascended to the throne at just five years old after his father, Dom Pedro I, abdicated. His reign is noted for significant modernization efforts in Brazil, including advancements in education, infrastructure, and the abolition of slavery in 1888. Despite his popularity, Dom Pedro II was deposed in a military coup in 1889, leading to the establishment of the Brazilian Republic. He spent his later years in exile in Europe, where he died on December 5, 1891, in Paris. His legacy remains influential in Brazilian history.