Endometriosis is a medical condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium, grows outside the uterus. This can cause pain, especially during menstruation, and may lead to other symptoms like heavy periods and infertility. The exact cause of endometriosis is not fully understood, but it can significantly impact a person's quality of life. Diagnosis often involves imaging tests or surgery, and treatment options include pain relief medications, hormonal therapies, and sometimes surgery to remove the excess tissue. Early diagnosis and management are important for those affected, as it can help alleviate symptoms and improve overall well-being.