Menstrual cramps, also known as dysmenorrhea, are painful sensations felt in the lower abdomen during a woman's menstrual cycle. They occur due to the contraction of the uterus as it sheds its lining. These cramps can vary in intensity and may last from a few hours to several days. The pain is often accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, headaches, and fatigue. While menstrual cramps are common, severe pain may indicate underlying conditions like endometriosis or fibroids. Over-the-counter pain relievers and heat therapy are common methods to alleviate discomfort.