The Dukes of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach were a noble family that ruled over the German territories of Saxe-Weimar and Eisenach from the late Middle Ages until the early 20th century. This duchy was part of the larger region of Thuringia and played a significant role in German history, particularly during the Reformation and the Enlightenment. The dukes were known for their contributions to culture and education, including the establishment of the University of Jena in 1558. They also supported the arts, with notable figures like the composer Johann Sebastian Bach serving in their courts. The duchy was dissolved in 1918 following the end of the German monarchy.