The Dukes of Burgundy were powerful rulers in medieval Europe, particularly during the 14th and 15th centuries. They governed the Duchy of Burgundy, which included parts of modern-day France and Belgium. The dukes played a significant role in the politics of the region, often acting as key players in the conflicts between the Kingdom of France and other European powers. Notable dukes, such as Philip the Bold and Charles the Bold, expanded their territory and influence through strategic marriages and military campaigns. The Burgundian Netherlands became a center of art and culture, fostering the development of the Flemish Primitives in painting.