The Duchy of Burgundy was a historical territory in western Europe, primarily located in what is now eastern France. Established in the 9th century, it became a powerful and influential region during the late Middle Ages, especially under the rule of the Valois Dukes. The duchy played a significant role in European politics, culture, and economics. At its height in the 15th century, the Duchy of Burgundy included parts of modern-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. It was known for its wealth, vibrant cities, and patronage of the arts, contributing to the Burgundian School of painting and music.