The Dukes of Bavaria were rulers of the historical region of Bavaria in Germany, holding power from the early Middle Ages until the 19th century. They played a significant role in the political landscape of the Holy Roman Empire, often engaging in alliances and conflicts with other noble families. Over time, the title of duke evolved, with notable figures such as Duke Ludwig the Bavarian and Duke Maximilian I contributing to the cultural and political development of the region. The dukes eventually transitioned to kings, with King Ludwig II being one of the most famous, known for his extravagant castles.