The Duke of Bavaria was a title held by the rulers of the historical region of Bavaria in what is now Germany. The title emerged in the early Middle Ages, with the first recognized duke being Henry the Lion in the 12th century. The dukes played a significant role in the political landscape of the Holy Roman Empire, often engaging in conflicts and alliances with other noble houses. Throughout history, the title of Duke of Bavaria was held by various dynasties, including the Wittelsbach family, which ruled from the 13th century until the early 20th century. The dukes contributed to the cultural and economic development of Bavaria, fostering the region's identity and influence within Europe.