Cicer arietinum, commonly known as chickpea, is a legume that is widely cultivated for its nutritious seeds. It is a staple food in many regions, particularly in the Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and Indian cuisines. Chickpeas are rich in protein, fiber, and essential vitamins, making them a popular choice for vegetarian and vegan diets. The plant typically grows to about 20-50 cm in height and produces small, round seeds that can be beige, green, or black. Cicer arietinum is also known for its ability to improve soil fertility through nitrogen fixation, making it beneficial for sustainable agriculture.