China's One-Child Policy was a population control measure implemented in 1979 to limit most families to having only one child. The policy aimed to reduce the rapid population growth that was seen as a barrier to economic development. Exceptions were made for certain groups, such as ethnic minorities and families in rural areas, who could have more than one child. The policy led to significant demographic changes, including an aging population and a gender imbalance due to a cultural preference for male children. In 2015, the Chinese government officially ended the One-Child Policy, allowing families to have two children in response to these challenges.