The Two-Child Policy was a population control measure implemented by China in 2016, allowing families to have two children instead of one. This policy aimed to address the aging population and labor shortages resulting from the previous One-Child Policy, which had been in effect since 1979. The shift to the Two-Child Policy was part of a broader strategy to balance population growth and economic development. While it encouraged larger families, the policy faced challenges, including cultural preferences for smaller families and economic pressures that deterred couples from having more children.