Population aging refers to the increasing proportion of older individuals within a population. This phenomenon occurs when birth rates decline and life expectancy rises, leading to a higher number of elderly people compared to younger generations. Countries around the world, including Japan and Italy, are experiencing significant shifts in their age demographics. As a result of population aging, societies face various challenges, such as increased healthcare demands and pension system pressures. Governments may need to adapt policies to support an aging population, ensuring that resources are available for senior citizens and promoting active aging to enhance their quality of life.