China is the most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion people. The demographic structure is diverse, with various ethnic groups, the largest being the Han Chinese, who make up about 91% of the population. Other significant ethnic groups include the Zhuang, Manchu, and Hui. The population is unevenly distributed, with major urban centers like Beijing and Shanghai housing millions, while rural areas have lower population densities. China's demographic trends show an aging population, with a growing percentage of individuals over 60 years old, impacting social and economic policies.