Childbirth injury refers to physical damage that can occur to a mother or baby during the process of labor and delivery. Common injuries include perineal tears, which affect the area between the vagina and anus, and shoulder dystocia, where the baby's shoulder gets stuck during delivery. These injuries can lead to complications that may require medical intervention. Injuries can also affect the baby's health, such as brachial plexus injury, which impacts arm movement. While many childbirth injuries heal over time, some may result in long-term effects, necessitating ongoing care or therapy for recovery.