Shoulder dystocia is a childbirth complication that occurs when a baby's shoulder becomes stuck behind the mother's pelvic bone during delivery. This situation can happen after the head has emerged, making it difficult for the baby to be born without assistance. It is considered an emergency because it can lead to serious injuries for both the baby and the mother if not resolved quickly. Healthcare providers use various techniques to manage shoulder dystocia, such as repositioning the mother or using specific maneuvers to free the baby's shoulder. Prompt action is crucial to minimize risks, including potential nerve damage or fractures for the baby and increased bleeding or trauma for the mother.