Perineal tears are injuries that occur in the perineum, the area between the vagina and the anus, during childbirth. These tears can happen as the baby passes through the birth canal and can vary in severity, ranging from small, superficial tears to deeper ones that may involve muscles and tissues. There are four degrees of perineal tears. First-degree tears affect only the skin, while second-degree tears extend into the underlying muscle. Third-degree tears involve the anal sphincter, and fourth-degree tears extend through the anal sphincter into the rectum. Proper care and repair are essential for healing and recovery.