Childbirth complications refer to unexpected medical issues that can arise during labor and delivery. These complications can affect the health of both the mother and the baby. Common issues include excessive bleeding, infections, and problems with the placenta, which can lead to serious health risks if not managed properly. Other complications may involve preterm labor, where the baby is born before 37 weeks of pregnancy, or fetal distress, indicating that the baby is not getting enough oxygen. Timely medical intervention is crucial to address these complications and ensure the safety of both the mother and the newborn.