A Catholic monarchy is a form of government where a monarch, such as a king or queen, rules with authority derived from their position and often aligns closely with the teachings of the Catholic Church. In this system, the monarch may promote and protect the Catholic faith, influencing laws and policies to reflect religious values. Historically, many European nations, like Spain and France, have experienced periods of Catholic monarchy. These monarchs often sought legitimacy through divine right, believing their rule was sanctioned by God. This relationship between church and state shaped the political landscape and cultural identity of these countries.