Absolute monarchy is a form of government where a single ruler, often a king or queen, holds supreme authority over the state and its people. This ruler's power is not limited by laws or a constitution, allowing them to make decisions without the need for consent from subjects or legislative bodies. Historical examples include Louis XIV of France and Peter the Great of Russia. In an absolute monarchy, the monarch often claims divine right, suggesting their authority is sanctioned by a higher power. This system can lead to a lack of political freedom and civil rights for citizens, as the ruler's word is law and dissent is typically not tolerated.