The Bijapur Sultanate was a prominent state in southern India during the late medieval period, existing from the 15th to the 17th centuries. It was established by the Bahmani Sultanate after its decline and became known for its rich culture, architecture, and advancements in art and science. The capital city, Bijapur, was famous for its grand structures, including the iconic Gol Gumbaz, which features one of the largest domes in the world. The sultanate was ruled by a series of sultans, with notable leaders like Ibrahim Adil Shah II, who promoted religious tolerance and cultural synthesis. The Bijapur Sultanate played a significant role in the political landscape of the Deccan region, often engaging in conflicts with neighboring states, including the Mughal Empire and the Maratha Empire. Its legacy continues to influence the region's history and culture.