Arctic plants are specially adapted to survive in extreme cold and short growing seasons. Common types include mosses, lichens, and low-growing shrubs like dwarf willow and arctic heather. These plants often have thick leaves or stems to retain moisture and can photosynthesize even in low light conditions. Many Arctic plants grow close to the ground to avoid harsh winds and freezing temperatures. They also reproduce quickly during the brief summer months, allowing them to take advantage of the short period when temperatures rise above freezing. This resilience helps them thrive in one of the planet's most challenging environments.