Polar ecosystems are found in the Arctic and Antarctic regions, characterized by extreme cold, ice, and snow. These areas have unique climates that support specially adapted plants and animals, such as polar bears, penguins, and seals. The long periods of darkness in winter and continuous daylight in summer create distinct seasonal changes that affect the life cycles of these organisms. The primary vegetation in polar ecosystems includes mosses, lichens, and low-growing shrubs, which can survive harsh conditions. These ecosystems are crucial for global climate regulation and biodiversity, serving as habitats for various species and playing a significant role in the Earth's ecological balance.