The Arctic flora consists of a variety of plant species adapted to extreme cold and short growing seasons. Common plants include mosses, lichens, and low-growing shrubs like dwarf birch and willow. These plants have developed unique features, such as thick leaves and shallow root systems, to survive in harsh conditions. Due to the limited sunlight and nutrient availability, Arctic plants often grow in clusters and have a slow growth rate. Many species are perennials, meaning they live for several years, allowing them to take advantage of the brief summer months when temperatures rise and sunlight is more abundant.