Permafrost is a layer of permanently frozen soil found in polar regions and high mountain areas. It remains at or below 0°C (32°F) for at least two consecutive years, playing a crucial role in the Earth's climate system by storing large amounts of carbon and influencing local ecosystems. As temperatures rise due to climate change, permafrost is beginning to thaw, releasing greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide. This process can accelerate global warming, creating a feedback loop that poses significant environmental challenges. Understanding permafrost is essential for predicting future climate scenarios and protecting vulnerable ecosystems.